Page 143 - SST Class 08

America, cotton and tobacco in southern US,
ground nuts and cocoa in West Africa, cotton in
Egypt, tea in India and Sri Lanka and coffee in
Brazil.
Dairy Farming : In dairy farming, cattle are reared
for milk and milk products for sale in urban
centres. The dairy farms are scientifically
maintained and all activities are performed by
machines. Manual labour is used to a limited
extent as machines are used for milking cows and
bottling milk. This type of farming is developed in
Europe.
The three largest areas in the world where dairy
farming is practised are North America, Australia
and New Zealand. In India, dairy farming is
practised on a large-scale in Gujarat and Punjab
through dairy co-operatives. The Central Fodder
Research Institute, Jhansi and the National Dairy
Research Institute, Karnal have been conducting
research on dairy development in the country.
Cow is the most important milch animal in the
world, while it is buffalo in India.
Besides, there are some more type of farming
which come under the category of commercial
farming.
Truck Farming : In fact, this is a type of intensive
farming. In this, commercial crops are grown a
little away from markets. This distance is as much
as can be covered by trucks in the single night.
This type of farming generally involves the
cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers, so that
fresh crops can be made
available to the urban
centres. You can see loaded
trucks in the vegetables and
fruits markets (called Subzi
Mandi) in different towns of
India. Trucks in a subzi mandi possible from limited land, so that the excess land
In this type of farming, scientific means are used
along with the extensive use of fertilizers and
irrigation. The important vegetables grown in this
way are bean, tomato, carrot, cauliflower, brinjal,
pumpkin, cabbage, carrot, cucumber etc. The
important fruits grown in this way are banana,
mango, orange, peach, melon, grapes etc. The
important flowers grown are rose and marigold.
Info Bits
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Nearly one-half of India’s total land is under
cultivation and about two-thirds of the population
is directly or indirectly engaged in agriculture.
Cooperative Farming : In many countries,
including India, the landholdings have become
small as land is divided among sons and daughters
of the farmer. Many of them have become so small
that they cannot be used for farming. In this case,
many farmers come together to form cooperatives
so that intensive farming can be conducted. This
type of farming is known as cooperative farming. In
this, land, resources and manpower are pooled
together so as to get adequate produce from the
land, and they divide the produce as agreed among
them. Small landholdings present a great problem
in India, so the government provides different types
of facilities to cooperatives, such as provision of
good quality seeds, fertilizers, marketing of
produce, loans etc.
Collective Farming : In cooperative farming,
individual farmers come together and undertake
farming activities together. On the other hand, in
collective farming, the government allows the
people to farm collectively on the land. These
workers get share or salary
as may be the practice
depending upon the nature
of the work. This practice is
generally adopted in
communist countries, such
as China and some countries Collective farming
in eastern Europe.
State Farming : The art and science of agriculture
has developed over the centuries. Effort is made
by governments to get as much quality produce as
can be used for other purposes. This type of
farming is conducted by the government scientists
and technicians is known as state farming. The
chief purpose of this is to undertake research. In
this, latest scientific techniques and machinery are
used and experimented. When some techniques
or machines are found adequate, common farmers
are encouraged to follow them.
Agriculture
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