Page 142 - SST Class 08

cattle. Generally this is a seasonal movement. The Extensive farming is practised in the US, Canada,
herds move to warmer lowlands during winter Argentina and Australia and have become famous
and to the cooler highlands in summer. for wheat and corn exports. Because of large-scale
production of these two crops, these areas have
Info Bits come to be known as the granaries of the world .
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Commercial Grain Farming : It is practised in
Shifting cultivation is known as Jhum in Assam, temperate grasslands of the prairies in North
Punam Krishi in Kerala, Podu in Andhra Pradesh, America, steppes in Europe and Russia, pampass
Telangana and Odisha, Bewor, Mashan, Penda and in Argentina and Punjab and Haryana in India,
Beera in different parts of Madhya Pradesh. It is wheat and maize are grown in these areas where
practised by tribal people over an estimated area of forms spread out over
54 lakh hectares, about 20 lakh hectares being hundreds of hectares and are
cleared by forests every year. It is also practised in fully mechanised. These
Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram farms are highly commercial,
and Arunachal Pradesh. capital intensive and profit
Commercial Agriculture oriented. They operate like a
business organisation. Commercial grain farming
Commercial farming is done over a huge piece of
land with modern tools and technology. In this Mixed Farming : In mixed farming, the growing of
type of farming crops are grown and animals are crops and rearing of animals go hand in hand at
reared for market purpose. It entails capital the same piece of land. In such kind of farming
intensive inputs like machinery, HYV (High two or more crops are raised. They also grow
Yielding Variety) of seeds, chemicals, fertilizers vegetables, flowers and fruits. Mixed farming
and irrigation facilities. Commercial farming can provides food crops as well
be again divided into—extensive farming, as milk products. It is
commercial grain farming, mixed farming and commonly practiced in
plantation agriculture. Europe, the eastern USA,
Argentina, South-east
Australia, New Zealand and
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South Africa. Mixed farming
Organic farming is a new system of crop cultivation Plantation Agriculture : It was first started by the
that uses biological methods of fertilisation and British colonists in countries of Asia and Africa. In
pest control instead of chemical fertilizers and this type of farming, a single crop like tea, rubber,
pesticides. coffee, cotton, sugar cane, bananas, cashew nuts
Extensive Farming : The temperate grasslands in are grown over large tracts of land. This cropping
the world are known for extensive farming. pattern is not only capital intensive but also labour
Extensive farming makes minimum use of intensive. Farms are run and managed like
maximum land. That is, very little labour and industries. Since the production is mainly for the
capital are used in comparison to the amount of market this type of farming requires a well
land cultivated. Farms are very large, running into developed transport network. Processing
thousands of acres. An industries, and markets are
average-sized farm is usually integral to such farming.
between 1,000 and 2,000 Major plantations are found
acres. A single major crop is in the tropical regions of the
grown for export purposes. world. For example, fruits
Farming operations are fully and sugar plantation of the
mechanised. Extensive farming Caribbean and Latin Plantation farming
Contemporary Social Science-8
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