Page 10 - SST Class 04

and Kullu valley. Many of its well-known hill stations include Srinagar in Kashmir,
Shimla and Dalhousie in Himachal Pradesh, Mussorie and Nainital in Uttarakhand,
and Darjeeling in West Bengal. A
number of well-known places of
pilgrimage are located in this range,
,
such as Vaishno Devi Amarnath
and Kedarnath .

The trees found in this range include
chestnut, deodar, pine, oak, laurel
etc. The chief varieties of fruits here

are apple, pear, litchi and pineapple. Darjeeling toy train Kedarnath Temple
3. Lower Himalayas or Shivalik : The Shivalik range comprises the foothills. It is the
southernmost part of the Himalayas. Its hills are low and vary in height from 900
metres to 1,200 metres. The Shivalik touches the Gangetic plains and extends towards

the east. Its lower hills are called the Terai which is marshy land. The Terai is covered
with grasses and dense forests. The Shivalik hills have forests on the slopes. The
common trees here include palm and fig.

There is rich wildlife in the Shivalik, such as tigers, elephants, bears, sambhars,
rhinoceros, leopards, monkeys, deer etc. Many colourful birds are also found here. The
soil in the Shivalik is fertile, which is suitable for a number of crops, such as maize,
wheat, millets and pulses.

Elephant Tiger Sambhar Rhinoceros

Passes
Know It!
v The word ‘la’ means a ‘pass’.
A gap between two mountains is called a pass. A pass
forms a natural route through the rugged and high
mountains. Since olden times, these passes have been used
for travel and trade between countries. The foreign
invaders attacked India through these passes. Some of the
important passes in the northern mountains include
Jelepla , Shipkila Nathula Bomidala etc.
,
,
10 Contemporary Social Science-4