Page 18 - SST Class 05

Factors Influencing the Climate

Following are the factors which influence the climate of a place :
1. Distance from the Equator

You have read that the areas around the Equator receive direct sunlight, so they are
hot. Similarly, the areas around the poles receive slanting sunlight, so they are cold.
The nearer a place is to the Equator, the hotter it is. The farther a place is from the

Equator, the colder it is. For example, in Asia, South India and Sri Lanka are located
near the Equator, so they are hot. On the other hand, Kazakhstan and Russia are
located away from the Equator, so they are cold.
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Not to scale JAKARTA S um awa Kupang
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India in Asia
2. Altitude above the Sea-level
The altitude or height of a place affects its
temperature and air pressure. The air at the sea
level is dense, so it absorbs more heat from the
sunlight; while the air at higher places is thin, so
it absorbs less heat. Therefore, mountains are
colder than plains. For example, Rajasthan is hot,
but Mount Abu in this state is colder because it is
located at a high altitude. Similarly, hill stations
like Srinagar and Darjeeling are colder than
places like Delhi and Chennai.
18 Contemporary Social Science-5