Page 83 - SST Class 08

followers for Dandi , a small village on the western Quiz Time
seacoast, in order to break the Salt Law. He
covered a distance of 200 miles in 24 days. As he Fill in the blanks :
marched, the number of followers increased to 1. The government adopted __________ measures
thousands. As they went through villages, the to crush the movement.
people welcomed them, spun cotton and spread
the message of fraternity, unity and khadi. This 2. Turkey was defeated during the __________ .
historic march is called the Dandi March . 3. __________ went to South Africa and stayed
there for 21 years.
4. The British government dealt with the
__________ severely.

5. The __________ party fought in the elections
with good success.

Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin
Pact
Dandi March The police oppression in 1930
On 5 April, 1930, Gandhiji picked up a handful of The First Round Table Conference was called in
salt from the evaporated sea water and thus defied London on 12 December, 1930 to consider the
the law. reforms suggested by the Simon Commission;
however, the Congress boycotted it, so this
Activity conference failed. As a result, a pact was signed
On an outline map of India, mark the following between Gandhiji and Lord Irwin, the then
places. Viceroy of India in March, 1931. According to this
pact, the government agreed to release all political
(a) Amritsar (b) Shimla (c) Chauri Chaura (d) Dandi
prisoners and amend the Salt Law, while Gandhiji
At his call, the people defied the laws of the agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience
government, prepared salt at various places, Movement.
boycotted foreign goods and attempted the
Gandhiji went to London to attend the Second
closure of wine shops. The police resorted to
Round Table Conference as the sole
baton charges and firings, but the protesters
remained calm. They courted arrest peacefully. C. representative of the Congress, but no settlement
could be reached and he returned to India a
Rajagopalachari also led a similar march from
frustrated man.
Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam in which over 300
protesters were injured and two killed. About this time, Lord Irwin was replaced by Lord
Wellingdon as the Viceroy of India. He adopted
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was in
repressive measures. At this, Gandhiji revived the
the forefront of this movement in
the North-West Frontier Province Civil Disobedience Movement. The Third Round
(NWFP, now in Pakistan). He Table Conference was held in 1932 in London,
but it was also boycotted by the Congress. The
took over the city of Peshawar
and ruled it for a week. For his Civil Disobedience Movement waned gradually in
participation in the movement, Khan Abdul 1934 as all leaders had been put behind bars and
he is called the Frontier Gandhi . Ghaffar Khan there was no leader to lead the people.
Communal Award
All prominent leaders of the Congress were
arrested, but the Civil Disobedience Movement About this very time, Mac Donald , the Prime
continued unabated. The repressive measures Minister of Britain, awarded the Communal
failed to crush the will of the people. Political Award. According to it, the untouchables would
unrest prevailed in the country. be regarded as distinct community and would be
Nationalist Movement (1919-1947)
83