Page 77 - SST Class 08

F. Answer the questions in brief :
1. What type of political activity was carried out before the formation of the Indian National Congress?

2. What was the difference between moderates and extremists?
3. What do you understand by the partition of Bengal? How did the Indian leaders and people react
to it?
4. What was the chief purpose of the formation of the Muslim League?
5. What do you know about the Indian Councils Act, 1909? What was its outcome?

6. What type of revolutionary activity was carried out up to 1919?
G. Answer the questions in detail :

1. What do you understand by the moderate phase?
2. Who were the revolutionaries? What did they want?
3. What do you know about Swadeshi and Boycott, as the weapons employed by the extremist
leaders?
4. What was the chief purpose of the formation of the Indian National Congress?

5. Mention any four causes which led to the rise and growth of nationalism in India.
6. How did the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy occur? What was its outcome?

1. Why did the Indians protest against the partition of Bengal?
2. Why did Swadeshi Movement lead to the rise of new Indian industries?

Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an Indian liberal political leader and a social reformer during the Indian
Independence Movement. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and the founder
of the Servants of India Society. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies
he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the
moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government
institutions.

Gokhale was famously a mentor to Mahatma Gandhi in the latter’s formative years. In 1912, Gokhale
visited South Africa at Gandhi’s invitation. As a young barrister, Gandhiji returned from his struggles
against the Empire in South Africa and received personal guidance from Gokhale, including a knowledge
and understanding of India and the issues confronting common Indians. By 1920, Gandhiji emerged as
the leader of the Indian Independence Movement. In his autobiography, Gandhiji calls Gokhale his
mentor and guide. Gandhiji also recognised Gokhale as an admirable leader and master politician,
describing him as “pure as crystal, gentle as a lamb, brave as a lion and chivalrous to a fault and the
most perfect man in the political field ”. Despite his deep respect for Gokhale, however, Gandhiji would
reject Gokhale’s faith in western institutions as a means of achieving political reform and ultimately
chose not to become a member of Gokhale’s Servants of India Society.

Nationalist Movement (1885-1919)
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