Page 40 - SST Class 08

5. places of metal industry (a) ______________ (b) ______________
6. places of silk textile (a) ______________ (b) ______________

E. Answer in one word or phrase :
1. What three industries was India famous for before the arrival of the Europeans?
2. What was the primary motive of the British?

3. In whose favour was the British policy?
4. What was the proportion of manufactured exports in 1879?
5. What are the chief plantation industries?
6. What is the full name of TISCO?

F. Answer the questions in brief :
1. Compare the conditions of handicrafts before and after the arrival of the British in India.
2. How did industrialisation and de-industrialisation work in India?
3. What were the chief causes of the decline of handicrafts in India?

4. How did the railways and the telegraph serve the British interests?
5. What were the main centres of the textile industry in India?
6. Why did the jute industry mainly grow in Bengal?

G. Answer the questions in detail :
1. What do you understand by the process of industrialisation and de-industrialisation?
2. Describe the growth of industry in twentieth century.
3. What were the major industries of India during the British times? Discuss.

4. Undertake a case study of textiles in India.
5. Write about the establishment of the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO).
6. How did the Indian industries establish?

1. What was the impact of the First World War on Indian industry?
2. List some Indian cities and states. Write what are they famous for.

Wootz Steel

Indian steel and metallurgy reached a mark of excellence. This is evident when we see the quality of
Tipu Sutan’s sword. The sword was incredibly hard and had sharp edges which could easily rip through
the opponent’s armour. It was made from high carbon steel called wootz. That was manufactured all
over South India. Earlier, it was kept in London Museum. Now, it has been brought back to India through
an auction.
Wootz steel was famous all over the world until competition from British iron and steel imports which
replaced Indian iron and steel. Wootz steel needed special techniques of refining iron. Iron was mixed
with charcol and put inside small clay pots. By controlling temperature, the steel ingots for sword
making were produced by smelters. This kind of steel was found not only in India but in Central and
West Asia also.
Contemporary Social Science-8
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