Page 19 - SST Class 08

5. What was the policy of the subsidiary alliance?
6. Explain the dual system of government.

G. Answer the questions in detail :
1. Give a brief account of the Portuguese and the Dutch in India.
2. Why did Hyder Ali attack and defeat the British in the second Anglo-Mysore War?
3. What were the consequences of the third Anglo-Maratha War?
4. State the reasons for success of the British in India.
5. Describe the benefits of the subsidiary alliance to the East India Company.
6. Explain the doctrine of lapse. Which states were annexed on its basis?

1. Why trade lead to battles for political domination?
2. How subsidiary alliance was an indirect method of territorial expansion by the British?

Pindaris
The Pindaris were mercenaries. They followed the Maratha bands who raided Mughal territory from the
late 17th century. With the collapse of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, these camp followers
organised themselves into groups, each usually attached to one of the leading Maratha chiefs. But as
those chiefs themselves grew weak at the end of the century, the Pindaris became largely a law unto
themselves and conducted raids from hideouts in central India. The majority of their leaders were
Muslims, but they recruited from all classes.
After the regular forces of the Marathas had been broken up by the British in the campaigns of 1803–04
(see Maratha Wars), the Pindaris made their headquarters in Malwa, under the tacit protection of the
rulers of Gwalior and Indore. They usually assembled in November to set forth over British-held
territory in search of plunder.
At last their practices became intolerable, and in 1816 the British organised the campaign known as the
Pindari War (1817–18). The Pindaris were surrounded by an army of about 120,000 men, which
converged upon them from Bengal, the Deccan, and Gujarat under the supreme command of the
governor-general Lord Hastings. The Pindaris’ protectors in Gwalior were overawed and signed a treaty
(1817) against the Pindaris. Their other allies against the British took up arms but were separately
defeated. The Pindaris themselves offered little resistance; most of the leaders surrendered, and their
followers dispersed.

Establishment of Company Power
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