Page 75 - SST Class 05

Vaccines are now widely used for prevention of different diseases, like polio, typhoid,
cholera, mumps, tuberculosis etc. You must have seen medical workers visiting
schools and neighbourhoods to administer polio drops to all children below five years

of age. This vaccine is administered to prevent the occurrence of polio.

Pasteurization

Have you seen packaged milk? There are several companies like Amul, Mother Dairy,
Parag etc., which deal in this. The milk they sell is pasteurized milk.

In the environment are found disease-causing germs; they infect air, water, food and
milk. In pasteurized milk, its germs have all been killed. You can also pasteurize milk
at home by boiling it for twenty or more minutes. The process of killing germs by
heating is called pasteurization . This procedure was developed by Louis Pasteur , a
French chemist. Germs are the cause of many diseases. If they are killed, we can

prevent several diseases. Germs can be killed by several other methods also.

Basic Health Care

Diseases cause various problems. Their cures are time-consuming, painful and
expensive. Therefore, prevention remains the best option. There are some simple rules
to stay healthy :
u Keep clean . It is the first condition to keep healthy. Keep yourself and your

surroundings clean.
u Wash hands . Do it before and after meals.

u Eat a healthy diet . Many diseases occur when you don’t eat healthy and nutritious
food. Your diet must include different types of foods, including milk, cereals,

pulses, vegetables and fruits. Basic food is very healthy. That is, the food cooked at
home is healthy.
u Avoid Snacks . Junk food may be tasty, but it harms your health.

u Take regular physical exercise . Play games and do exercise.

u Visit a doctor regularly . This will help you know in advance if there is any threat to
your health.

mercury : a type of liquid metal; it expands upon heating.
bacteria : very small forms of plant life which cause diseases.

microbe : a very tiny organism.
X-ray : a type of radiation which can make it possible to see inside non-transparent things.

Advancement in Medical Science 75