Page 157 - SST Class 08

Just Think! Cement Industry
What factors made Mumbai as the largest industrial
centre of cotton textile mills?
Sugar Industry
Sugar is required to all. It is obtained from sugar
cane and sugar beet. Sugar is made from sugar cane
in the humid tropical regions while that is acquired
from sugar beet in the temperate regions. Sugar
mills are always located in the cane and beet
producing areas. Both are perishable commodities
and thus need immediate transportation to the
mills after harvest for processing.
It is a seasonal production. Sugar content in the
cane varies from region to region. Besides sugar,
crystal sugar, khandsari and gur or jaggery are also
produced in the sugar industries. This is done
mostly in rural based cottage industries. Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra and some southern
states are leading producers of sugar in India. The
main sugar producing countries are Cuba, Brazil,
China, Germany, Russia, USA and France. The
international trade in sugar is regularised by the
International Sugar Council which has more than
50 members.
Paper Industry
The first paper mill was set up at Serampur in
West Bengal in 1812. At present, we have 39
large integrated paper mills and 301 small and
medium paper mills.
In the making of newsprint, softwood from
coniferous trees is used. Fibrous plants and grasses
are used for making paper where wood pulp is in
short supply. In India, Madhya Pradesh, West
Bengal and Maharashtra are leading producers of
paper.
USA is the largest producer, importer and
consumer of paper in the world. Other prominent
producers of paper are Canada, Norway, Russia,
Finland, Japan, Indonesia, Germany, China, UK,
Sweden, France and India. India is self-sufficient
in respect of common varieties of writing and
printing paper. Only certain special varieties of
paper are being imported.
Cement is used extensively for construction work.
Generally, it is mixed with mortar and concreate.
It is also used in making roads, pipes, beams and
tiles.
The cement industry is often located close to
limestone deposits to save transporation costs of
heavy raw material. Nearness of coal is also
important.
The leading cement producers are China, India,
Japan, US, Russia, Spain, Italy and Germany.
F ind Outind Out
Find out the names of some major cement
industries of India.
Quiz Time
Give reason :
1. Iron and steel industry is considered a basic
industry.
2. Iron and steel industry located close to its ore
and power resources.
3. Sugar mills are always located in the cane and
beet producing area.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES
Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur
(India)
The Tata and Steel plant (TISCO) is the only Iron
and steel plant belonging to the private sector. It
was established by Jamshedji
Tata in 1907. Today it is the
oldest and the largest
integrated iron and steel
plant of India.
Jamshedpur is located at the confluence of the
Subarnarekha and the Khorkai rivers and at a
distance of about 240 km from Kolkata. The plant
was established at Sakchi in the Singhbhum
district of Bihar. Later it was named as Jamshedpur
after its founder and now, it is a district in
Jharkhand state. It started producing pig iron in
1911 and steel in 1912. Following factors are
responsible for the development of iron and steel
industry in Jamshedpur :
Manufacturing Industries
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