Page 21 - SST Class 06

CASE STUDY : NORTH-WEST AND NORTH-EAST North-east : In the north-east, sites have been
excavated in Sarutaru near Guwahati in Assam and
North-west : The important sites excavated in the
north-west include Mehragarh in Baluchistan (now Kuchai in Odisha. Small evidences have also been
in Pakistan), Sarai Khoto in West Punjab (now in gathered from the Naga hills, Cochar hills and Garo
Pakistan) and Burzahom near Srinagar in Kashmir. hills.
Other sites include Chirand near Patna in Bihar and The excavations in the north-east reveal that food
Chopani Mando in Uttar Pradesh. gathering and hunting were still in vogue even
when the people had started to grow crops of
F ind Outind Out wheat, rice and cotton. Evidences for the

domestication of cattle have also been found. They
What is the meaning of Burzahom in Kashmiri
language? used to polish their stone tools in order to make
them stronger and sharper. They hefted their stone
The excavations in the north-west reveal that the tools in wooden handles.
people produced wheat, cotton etc. and made
houses from mud-bricks. Probably pottery came Beads made of lapis lazuli, carnelian, agate and
into use about 5000 BC. Evidence has been white marine shell have been found in burial sites,
gathered from Burzahom that rice was grown as which suggests that the people wore ornaments
and also, trade was undertaken in these things.
back as 6,500 BC. Pit-dwellings have been
excavated from Burzahom which reveals that the The above study shows that the settlements started
people dug pits to live as against living in caves or to spread in other parts of the Indian subcontinent
huts. They must have done this in order to save from the north-west and north-east. Also, long
themselves from extreme cold. distance trade was also undertaken.

v The Neolithic Age occurred from about 8000 BC to 4000 BC.
v Man started to practice agriculture and live a settled life.
v Man built his huts near the fields in close proximity, thus villages came up.
v Man domesticated animals for milk, meat and services.

v Man created new type of tools and weapons for different purposes.
v Man learnt how to make clay pottery after several experiments.
v The invention of the wheel was a great milestone during the Neolithic Age.

A. Tick (3) the right option :
1. The wheel was invented during the ____________ .
(a) Paleolithic Age (b) Neolithic Age (c) none of these
2. Man hefted his tools in wood which were made of ____________ .
(a) iron (b) stone (c) gold

3. The man who became the leader was the ____________ .
(a) youngest man (b) eldest man (c) all of these
First Farmers and Herders
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